What is the machine that carries out translation?

What is the machine that carries out translation?

• A. Nucleolus
• B. Ribosome
• C. DNA polymerase
• D. tRNA

Answer: (B)

Translation is the process that converts the information in mRNA into a polypeptide, and the ribosome is the machine that carries this out. The ribosome binds the mRNA and tRNAs, reads each codon, and catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds to link amino acids together into a growing protein. The catalytic activity is provided by the ribosomal RNA within the large subunit, making the ribosome a true molecular machine for protein synthesis. Translation happens in the cytoplasm (or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes). Nucleolus is involved in synthesizing and assembling ribosomal components, not in translation itself. DNA polymerase copies DNA, not RNA into protein. tRNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome, but the ribosome is what actually performs the translation.

Translation is the process that converts the information in mRNA into a polypeptide, and the ribosome is the machine that carries this out. The ribosome binds the mRNA and tRNAs, reads each codon, and catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds to link amino acids together into a growing protein. The catalytic activity is provided by the ribosomal RNA within the large subunit, making the ribosome a true molecular machine for protein synthesis. Translation happens in the cytoplasm (or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes).

Nucleolus is involved in synthesizing and assembling ribosomal components, not in translation itself. DNA polymerase copies DNA, not RNA into protein. tRNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome, but the ribosome is what actually performs the translation.